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Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil
The Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil (''Squirrel'') is a single-engine light helicopter originally designed and manufactured in France by Aérospatiale (now Airbus Helicopters). In North America, the AS350 is marketed as the AStar. The AS355 Ecureuil 2 is a twin-engine variant, marketed in North America as the TwinStar. The Eurocopter EC130 is a derivative of the AS350 airframe and is considered to be part of the Écureuil single-engine family.〔Fabre, François et. al., ("Final Report: Eurocopter AS350 Ecureuil/Single Engine Family, Revision 4. )", ''European Aviation Safety Agency'', 8 June 2012.〕
==Development==
In the early 1970s, Aérospatiale initiated a development program to replace the aging Alouette II design. The result of this program was the AS350. The first prototype, powered by a Lycoming LTS101 turboshaft made its maiden flight on 27 June 1974, with the second prototype, powered by a Turbomeca Arriel 1A following on 14 February 1975.〔Jackson 2003, p. 244.〕 The Arriel powered version, the AS350B, intended for sale throughout the world except for North America, was certified in France on 27 October 1977, while the Lycoming powered AS350C (or AStar) was certified by the US Federal Aviation Administration on 21 December 1977. In March 1978, deliveries to customers began for the AS350B, deliveries of the AS350C began in April 1978.〔Taylor 1982, p. 56.〕
Over time, the AS350 Écureuil/AStar has received further development; while the aircraft's design remains broadly similar, various aspects and systems such as the rotor system, powerplants, and avionics have been progressively improved. Conversion programs and addons for AS350s have been produced and are offered by multiple third-party 'aftermarket' aerospace firms in addition to those available directly from the type's prime manufacturer. New variants of the Arriel-powered AS350B, the AS350 B1, AS350 B2, and AS350 B3, have been introduced; the later B3 differing from preceding models by the increasing use of digital systems, such as the Garmin-built G500H avionics suite and FADEC engine control system.〔Lombardi, Frank. ("AStar Evolution. )", ''Aviation Today'', 12 May 2015.〕
Prior to 2013, the type had been manufactured principally at Eurocopter's Marignane facility, near Marseille, France; Eurocopter opted to, as part of a move to disperse its helicopter production activities, begin AS350 production and final assembly activities at its factory in Columbus, Mississippi for deliveries to U.S. commercial helicopter market. The Astar has been Eurocopter's biggest-selling product in the US commercial market, at one point selling roughly one AS350 every business day.〔Osborne, Tony. ("French Unions Dislike Eurocopter’s U.S. AS350 Plan. )", ''Aviation Week'', 30 September 2013.〕〔("Eurocopter to assemble AS350 aircraft in Mississippi. )", United Press International, 23 September 2013.〕 In March 2015, the first Columbus-assembled AS350 B3e received its FAA certification.〔("First US-made Airbus Helicopters AS350 certified. )", ''Aerospace Manufacturing and Design'', 3 March 2015.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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